F 444 
.C4 F3 
Copy 1 



l-TndT GUIDE 

Chattanooga, 




LOOKOUT 
MOUNTAIN, 

Chickamau^a 

Battlefields. 



MAYSt 



^'/^VA^f 



" ''yH: 



fi'Ssr *V 



and 



w*^^ 



Price, 25 Cents. 




EVEN IF YOU CAN STOP OVER BUT A DAY 

OR A TRAIN, DON'T FAIL TO SEE 

THE INN, 

gnificent Hotel, run on a liberal plan. The finest climate in 
xnerica. The most enchanting scenery the sun ever shone upon. 



LOOKIOXJT IwlO'CJlSrT^IlSr, 

Tennessee's Great Health and Pleasure Resort. 



OPEN THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. 



^'''''''''^^^Sl^^''''''' I i^ s. GIBSON, Manager. 



F 444 
.C4 F3 

Copy 1 



GUIDE 



—TO- 



Chattanooga, Lookout Mountain 



-AND— 



CHICKAMAUGA 
NATIONAL MILITARY PARK, 

^/ ' COINTAIINIiNG *^/\rO»vV' 



V*^ 



y 

Map of Chattanooga and Vicinity, and Map of Chicka- 
mauga National Military Park. 



3IIustrateb. ^ rn„ -^ 

)^AY 25 1895 

1895 : ^>v{£f\w^SV^^ 

EDWARD FERGER AND ARTHUR J. TAYLOR, PUBLISHERS, 2«^ i^^^O-l 
Chattanooo, Tennessee. 



PRESS OF 

MacGOWAN & COOKE, 

CHATTANOOGA. 



s? 



To the Visitor. 



IN THE preparation of this guide book great care has been 
taken to make it in every respect correct and worthy of 
the confidence of the visitor, and to render it both concise and 
comprehensive. It is confidently believed that this work 
will be appreciated as a valuable assistant to the visitor, and 
a ready guide and advisor. 

The Authors. 



COPYRIGHT, 1895, 
EDWARD FERGER AND ARTHUR J. TAYLOR. 



Contents. 



Banks 32 

Battle of Chickaniauga 44 

Battle of Missionary Ridge 45 

Battle of Orchard Knob 45 

Battle of Lookout Mountain ...... .. 45 

Chattanooga 13 

Chickamauga and Chattanooga 

National Park 40 

Churches 24 

Cemeteries 26 

Dedication Programme 54 

Depots 30 

Directing Points 32 

Epworth League Programme 53 

General Information 30 

Hotels t9 

Hack Ordinance 3t 

Historical Points about City 16 

Lookout Mountain 35 

Map of City and Vicinity 1 

Map of Chickamauga Park 48 

Military Movements about Chat- 
tanooga 48 

Nickojack Cave 52 

Points of Interest in City 16 

Points of Interest in Chickamauga 

Park 40 

Public Buildings 22 

PostofTice 31 

Programmes 53 



Routes TO Chickamauga 5i 

Cameron Hill 52 

Confederate Cemetery^'5i 
Garden of^the Gods... 52 

Lookout Mountain 5l 

Lulu Lake and Falls ,. 39 

Missionary Ridge 51 

National Cemetery 5l 

Riverview 52 

Rock City 51 

Sunset Rock 52 

Vallombrosa 52 

Waldens Ridge 5l 

Suburbs— Alton Park 28 

Avondale 28 

East Chattanooga 30 

East End 30 

East Lake 28 

Churchville 28 

Hill City 30 

Highland Park 28 

Mountain Junction 28 

Orchard Knob 28 

Ridgedale 28 

St. Elmo 28 

Sherman Heights 30 

Streets, How Numbered 31 

Street Railways 31 

Short Trips for Hurried People.... 52 

Telegraph Offices ■. 31 

Waldens Ridge 34 

Y. M. C. A 32 



gjJf We desire to call special attention to our adver- 
tisers on back pages. They are representative business firms 
and are perfectly reliable in every way. 




General Grant and Statf on Point Lookout. 







Lulu Falls, on Lookout Mountain. 




Sunset Rock, on Lookout Mountain. 



Chattanooga. 



CHATTANOOGA, appropriately called the "Gateway of 
the South," is beautifully located in a valley, sur- 
rounded by Walden's Ridge and the Tennessee River on 
the north and northwest, Missionary Ridge on the east, Look- 
out Mountain and the Raccoon Mountains on the south and 
southwest. Its wounderful growth and the development of 
its vast timber and mineral resources have been without 
parallel ; from a poor straggling village of 3000 people at the 
close of the war, unknown to the outside world except as a 
scene of bloody conflicts, it has grown, by reason of the pluck 
and energy of its citizens and its great natural advantages, to 
an important city of 50,000 population. In the last ten years 
a magical transformation has taken place; from mud and 
mire and mule cars it has advanced to the finest pavements 
of brick and asphalt, most complete system of electric rail- 
ways, a perfect system of water works and sewerage ; and has 
become in fact a modern city in every respect. 

Many fine business blocks line its streets, large commodi- 
ous hotels, school houses and public buildings are here ; and 
in regard to churches, it is the Philadelphia of the South. 

The health of the city can best be judged by the fact that 
no other city in the United States of the same size and class 
of population can show so low a death rate. The average 
white mortality is from six to eight per thousand per year, 
and for the whole population, whites and blacks, it is less than 
twelve per thousand per year. This fact is largely due to the 
altitude of the city, its cleanliness, and the latitude in which 
it is situated. The winters are mild and the summer heat is 



14 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 

tempered by the mountain breezes which blow continuously 
during the heated season. These advantages, together with 
its surrounding grand natural scenery, make this one of the 
most delightful places of abode in the country. 

The population is quite cosmopolitan, being made up of 
all races and having representatives from every State in the 
Union. 

Owing to the proximity of raw material of all kinds, our 
manufactories are numerous and varied. The iron industry 
is the most extensive. At present there are two blast 
furnaces in operation : Citico, turning out 125 tons of pig 
iron per day, and the Chattanooga Furnace, from sixty to 
seventy tons. There are several large stove foundries, pipe 
foundries, large machine shops, car works, boiler manufac- 
tories, iron roofing works, a brake-shoe foundry, one of the 
largest plow works in the world, and a number of other estab- 
lishments which use iron largely in their various productions. 

The wood workers come next, with two large furniture 
factories ; a number of large saw mills and planing mills line 
the river bank ; the largest curtain pole factory in the world, 
and a host of smaller concerns which make every conceivable 
article with wood as a basis. 

There are two large flour mills, the Mountain City, with 
a capacity of 1800 barrels per day, and Shelton's with a ca- 
pacity of 500 barrels. There are several corn mills, a cotton 
seed oil mill, cotton compress, two large coffin factories and a 
number of other industries. 

The shipping facilities are excellent; the eleven railways 
and the river connecting us with all parts of the country. 

The United States government has spent upwards of three 
million dollars in removing the obstructions in the river be- 
low the city at Muscle Shoals, and this stream is navigable for 
large craft about nine months in the year. 

Our school system is one of the best in the South, The 
races are taught separately, the colored pupils having two and 



GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 15 

the whites three large public schools, including a high school 
for each. The U. S. Grant University, a Methodist institution 
whose building and grounds are valued at $130,000, is located 
here. The Notre Dame Academy, conducted by the Catholic 
Church, a business college, medical college, college of music 
and a number of private schools complete the educational list. 

We are justly proud of the number and elegance of our 
churches, but more so of the fact that we are called a church 
going people. Everybody goes to church, and our colored 
brother sometimes forgets to go home. Every denomination 
is represented here, each having a place of worship in keeping 
with the strength of the organization. There are fifty-one 
white congregations in the city and suburbs, twenty-five of 
which are in the city, and thirty-one colored, of which twenty 
are in the city. 

The finances are taken care of by seven banks with a 
combined capital of over a million and a half, with a surplus 
of about $375,000. 

The city is governed by a mayor and sixteen aldermen, 
two from each ward in the city, who are elected by 
the people and have charge of all city affairs except 
the police, who are under the supervision of three 
commissioners, two democrats and one republican, who are 
appointed by the governor. The police force consists of 
thirty-six men and officers, and is one of the best organized 
bodies of men in the South. 

The fire department has four halls well located about the 
city. The apparatus is handled by forty-three men and 
twenty-two horses, and consists of four steam fire engines with 
hose carts, one chemical engine, two hook and ladder trucks 
and 7000 feet of good hose. The Gamewell Electric Fire 
Alarm System is used, with forty-three stations. 

The water supply is furnished by three pumping engines 
of fifteen million gallons capacity per twenty-four hours, 
pumped in a reservoir of five million gallons capacity, and lo- 



16 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 



cated at an altitude of 182 feet above Market street. There 
are forty miles of water mains four to twenty inches in di- 
ameter, 240 hydrants with a pressure of seventy pounds to the 
square inch or a direct pressure from pumps of 110 pounds. 

Chattanooga has three daily newspapers. The "Times," 
a morning paper, is one of the leading papers of the South. 
It was founded in 1869, and has been an influential sheet 
ever since. The other two papers are the "News*' and "Press," 
both evening papers, the former democratic and the latter 
republican in politics. 



Historical Points About Chattanooga 



)t\HE whole city is a historical point. Earth works and 
i battle lines covered the whole space, but some of the 
more prominent points have been marked and some of 
the buildings used for war purposes still stand. While age 
and decay have made it necessary in many cases to replace 
some parts of the structures, still there are quite a number of 
buildings that will be readily recognized by the old veterans 
who have possibly spent some time in them, either as prison- 
ers or under the care of a physician. 

The most noted land mark is the old army prison on the 
southwest corner of Fourth and Market streets. This is a three- 
story brick building and was used as an army prison by both 
armies. The city now owns it and uses it for a police station 
and court and city jail. 

Another building, not so large as the prison but none the 
less interesting, is the army pay station, a small, circular 
shaped building about 100 feet west of the Fire Hall on West 
Ninth street. This, like the former building mentioned, was 



18 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 



used by both armies. A cobbler now has his sign hanging 
above the door. 

The Read House now stands on the site of the old Crutcli- 
field House, which was used as a hospital, at one time accom- 
modating 500 men. 

College Hill, the eminence a few blocks southwest of the 
Read House, where the High School stands, was the site of 
thirteen hospitals used by both armies and accommodating 
over 1000 wounded. 

The headquarters of some of the officers were located as 
follows: Gen. Bragg, No. 407 East Fifth street; Gen. U. S. 
Grant, No. 316 Walnut street, which place was also Gen. 
Rosecrans' headquarters. Gen. Grant subsequently moved to 
No. 110 First street, which was also Gen. Sherman's head-^"' 
quarters. Gen. James A. Garfield was at home at No. 326\^ 
Walnut street. Gen. J. M. Brennan's headquarters were at^ 
No. 302 Walnut. Gen. W. B. Carlin and Confederate Gen. ; 
Ledbetter were at No. 218 Boyce street. Capt. Alder and 
Maj. J. B. Burch, provost-marshal, were located on northwest ' 
corner of West Seventh and Broad streets. The Adjutant 
General of the Army of the Cumberland was on the north- 
east corner of East Fourth and Walnut streets. The Adju- 
tant General of Bragg's army on the northeast corner of East 
Fourth and High streets. 

The batteries in the city were located as follows : 

Battery Bushnell, East Fourth street, west of Lindsay 
street. 

Battery Cooledge, on Cameron Hill. 

Battery Erwin, knoll south of East Ninth street, west of 
Peeples street. 

Battery Taf t, elevation corner East Eighth and "B" streets. 

Battery McAloon, on spur near mouth of Citico creek. 

Fort Cameron was on top of Cameron Hill, west of the 
city ; Fort Wood on the high point east of Palmetto street, 
between Fourth and Vine streets, near the eastern boundary 



GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 19 

line of the city. Fort Negley was south of Montgomery ave- 
nue, just west of the Rossville road. Fort Lytle south end of 
College Hill. Stone Fort was on the land between the 
Custom House and the Western & Atlantic Railway. 
Fort Sherman extended from the corner of East Fifth 
and Walnut streets to Bluff View, on the river. Fort 
Wilder was on the ridge about 1000 feet east of Vallombrosa, 
and is in a better state of preservation than any of the forts 
about the city. 

Just below the bridge can be seen the remains of one of 
the piers of the army bridge. These piers were huge log cribs 
built with logs cut from the site where Hill City now stands, 
and filled with stone. The bridge was built by the Union 
army in 1863, and was washed away by the flood of 1867. 

Metal tablets in all parts of the city mark the sites of ev- 
ery prominent or interesting point during the war. 

Cameron Hill is the eminence in the western part of the 
city. During the war it was entirely covered with a dense 
growth of trees. From its summit the best view of the city 
and mountain can be had. 



Hotels. 



Read House is located on West Ninth street, opposite the 
Union depot. It is one of the finest and largest hotels in the 
city. It contains 225 rooms ; seating capacity of dining hall, 
200. Rates, $2.50 to $4.00 per day. 

Southern, located corners Ninth, Chestnut and Carter 
streets, just west of Union depot. Partly destroyed by fire in 
1894. Rates, $2.00 to $4.00 per day. 

Rossmore (formerly Kennedy), situate southeast corner 



20 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 

Ninth and Market streets. Abner L. Ross, proprietor. Rates, 

$2.00 to $2.50 per day. 

Shipp, Nos, 17 and 19 East Ninth street. Rates, $2.00 to 
$2.50 per day. 

Merchants, situated northwest corner Chestnut and West 
Seventh street. Abner L. Ross, proprietor. Rates, $1.50 to 
$2.00 per day. 

Stanton House, located on Market street, south of Central 
depot. Rates, $2.50 to $4.00 per day. 

St. James, situate No. 533 Market street. Rates, $1.00 
per day. 

Allison House, situate 506-508 Market street. Rates, $1.00 
per day. 

Commercial, situate 734-736 Georgia avenue. Rates, 
$1.00 per day. 

Garner House, situate 115^ Walnut street. Rates, $1.00 
per day. 

Aldine, situate 117 McCallie avenue. 

National Hotel, situate 220 King street. Rates, $1.00 per 
day. 

Chattanooga House, 725 Cherry street. Rates, $1.00 per 
day. 

Lookout Inn, on top of Lookout Mountain, at end of Broad 
Gauge and Narrow Gauge Railways ; M, S. Gibson, manager. 
Rates, $3.00 to $5.00 per day. 

Point Hotel, located at head of Mountain Incline ; G. H. 
Sneed, manager. Rates, $2.00 to $3.00 per day. 

Lookout Mountain House, near Natural Bridge, on top of 
Lookout Mountain. Rates, $1.50 to $.200 per day. 

Park Hotel, situate at Crawfish Springs, on Chattanooga, 
Rome & Columbus Railway ; W. P. Kyle, manager. Rates, 
$2.00 per day, $10.00 per week. (See ad.) 



22 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 



Public Buildings. 



The United States Custom House is located between Tenth 
and Eleventh streets near Market. It is built entirely of 
white marble, cost about $200,000, and is one of the 
handsomest government buildings in the South. The Post- 
office, United States Federal Court, United States Commis- 
sioners of Civil Service and the Weather Bureau are in the 
building. 

The City Hall is in the brick building situated on the 
northeast corner of Georgia Avenue and Market Square. All 
of the city officers, except the Recorder's Court and Police 
Station, are in this building. 

The County Court House is situated on the block between 
Sixth and Seventh and Walnut streets and Georgia Avenue. 
It contains all the county offices and court rooms. 

The New Opera House stands on the northeast corner of 
Sixth and Market streets; it has been thoroughly overhauled 
and is a very attractive place. The seating capacity is 
about 1200. 

The Richardson Building is the largest office building in 
the city It is located between Market and Broad streets on 
Seventh. 

The Adams Block is situated between Georgia Avenue 
and Cherry streets on East Eighth street. It is built of brick 
and stone and cost about $45,000. The Evening News is 
printed in this building. 



GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 23 

The Times Building is tlie handsome home of one of the 
best morning papers in the South. It was completed in 1892, 
and cost about $140,000. The Times occupies the basement, 
first, fifth and sixth floors ; the other three floors are occupied 
as offices, A free elevator runs to the top of the building, 
and from the dome one of the best views of the city can be 
had. 

Temple Court office building is situated on northeast cor- 
ner of Seventh and Cherry streets ; it cost about $45,000. 

The IVIountain City Club House is one of the handsomest 
buildings in the city ; it is situated opposite the Temple Court, 
and cost about $50,000. 

The Southern Express Building occupies the triangle be- 
tween Georgia Avenue, Market street and and Tenth street. 
It is occupied by the auditing departments of the Southern 
Express Company. 

The Orphans Home is situated No. 240 Vine street. 

The Erianger Hospital is situated on Harrison Avenue, 
near the city limits. 

The Union Depot is on West Ninth street opposite the 
Read House. 

The Central Depot is situated on Market street near the 
Stanton House. 



24 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 



Prominent Churches. 



Centenary M. E. Church South. Dr. J. P. McFerrin, 
pastor ; is situated on the northeast corner of East Eighth and 
''A" streets. It was built in 1884 at a cost of $50,000. The 
seating capacity^ is 900. The spire 200 feet high. 

First M. E. Church (Stone Church). This is a beautiful 
structure, situated on the southeast corner of Georgia and 
JVlcCallie Avenues ; built entirely of blue limestone, costing 
about $50,000. Its seating capacity is about 800. The spire 
is 190 feet high. It was built in 1882. Dr. J. J. Manker is the 
present pastor. 

First Baptist. Situated on northeast corner Georgia 
Avenue and Oak street. This is one of the handsomest 
churches in the city ; it is built of pink sandstone, quarried at 
Sewanee, Tennessee. It was built in 1890 and cost about 
$75,000. The main tower is 125 feet high. It was partly de- 
stroyed by fire on December 30, 1894. Kev. R. B. Garrett is 
the present pastor. 

First Presbyterian. Situated on southwest corner of 
Georgia Avenue and Seventh street. Was built in 1883 at a 
cost of $30,000. Rev. J. W. Bachman, the present pastor, has 
been the pastor of this congregation for twenty-three years. 

Second Presbyterian. This is a beautiful building, situ- 
ated on southeast corner West Seventh and Pine streets, 
built entirely of stone. It is of the old Gothic style of 
architecture. It was built in 1890 and cost $50,000. The 
seating capacity is 600. Rev. W. J. Trimble, pastor. 

St. Pauls Episcopal is situated on the northwest corner 
West Seventh and Pine streets. It was built in 1889 and has 
a seating capacity of almost 1000. It is built of brick in the 



26 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 



old English style of architecture at a cost of $70,000. Rev. 
W. M. Pettis is rector. 

Sts. Peter and Paul's (Catholic). Is situated on East 
Eighth street, near Georgia Avenue. It is one of the finest 
churches in the South. It was built in 1889-90, at a cost of 
$150,000. Seating capacity is about 900. It is built of brick 
with stone trimmings and has two towers, each about 175 feet 
high. The church, together with the adjoining property 
owned by the church, is valued at about $275,000. 

Hebrew Synagogue. Situated on West side of Walnut 
street, between Fourth and Fifth streets. It has just been re- 
modeled and is a very {)retty church. 

Unitarian Church. Is situated on east side of Houston 
street, between McOallie Avenue and Oak street. Rev. S. R. 
Free, pastor. 

Cumberland Presbyterian. Is situated on northwest cor- 
ner of Oak and Lindsay streets. Rev. B. G. Mitchell, pastor. 

Christian Church. Is situated on west side of Walnut, 
between Seventh and Eighth streets. Rev. J. A. Setliff, pastor. 

Lutheran. The only German church in the city, is situ- 
ated on State street, in rear of the Stanton House. Rev. 
Adam Klein, pastor. 



Cemeteries. 



Confederate Cemetery. Take Oak street line to Baldwin 
street. Situated on north side East Fifth street, near Southern 
Railway. First established during the late civil war, while 
Chattanooga was in possession of the Confederate Govern- 



GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 27 

ment. It contains about 2,500 bodies, gathered mainly through 
the efforts of the Ladies' Confederate Memorial Association 
from the battlefields of Mission Ridge, Chickamauga, cV:c. 
A handsome monument has been erected to their memory 
by the Association. 

Forest Hills. — A beautiful city of the dead ; situated near 
base of Lookout Mountain, about two miles south of city 
limits. Established and incorporated in 1880. It covers an 
area of about 115 acres. 

Mt. Olivet. — Take Mission Ridge car. Situated east of 
Mission Ridge. 

National Cemetery. — Take East Lake or Mission Ridge 
cars. This beautiful cemetery of seventy-tive and one-half 
acres contains only the remains of Union soldiers, and was 
established in 1863, during the conflict in this section. The 
number of interments to date are 13078, of which 4969 are 
classed "unknown." The "Register of the Dead" kept in the 
superintendent's lodge, gives the nativity, branch of service, 
&c., of the Union dead, as follows : Alabama 38, Georgia 11, 
Connecticut 30, Illinois 1103, Indiana 1338, Iowa 187, Kansas 
58, Kentucky 369, Maine 1, Maryland 2, Massachusetts, 73, 
Michigan 489, Minnesota 107, Missouri 168, New Jersey 32, 
New York 346, Ohio 1823, Pennsylvania 198, Rhode Island 2, 
Tennessee 133, West Virginia 3, Wisconsin 238, United States 
Regulars 203, United States Colored Troops 861, United States 
Pioneer Corps 5, United States Signal Corps 3, Citizen 
Government Employes 14, Wisconsin 19. The "Andrews 
Raider's" monument is in this cemetery and the graves of 
these brave fellows surround it. 



28 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 



Suburbs. 



St. Elmo lies south of the city, at the base of Lookout 
Mountain. The plot of the novel by Mrs. Evans, entitled "St. 
Elmo," was laid at the northern portion of this suburb. The 
water supply is gotten from a large spring near the top of the 
mountain, and is always clear and cool. 

Alton Park lies east of Forest Hill Cemetery, adjoining 
St. Elmo. 

Mountain Junction lies beyond St. Elmo and adjoining it 
on the south. 

Kigliland Park lies east of the city, beyond the National 
Cemetery. It is the most populous suburb. It is furnished 
with city water. 

Orchard Knob lies east of the city and north of Highland 
Park. The Belt Railway runs through it and the Mission 
Ridge street cars within two blocks. 

Ridgedale lies at the base of Missionary Ridge and east 
of the city. It is also furnished with city water. 

East Lake is a pretty suburb beyond Ridgedale and about 
four and a half miles southeast of the city via street car or 
Belt Railway. There is a beautiful lake and pleasure resort 
here, and the St. Vincent Infirmary is located near the lake. 

Churchville (orBushtown) is a suburb built by the colored 
people. It lies three miles northeast of the city and north of 
Orchard Knob, The Belt Railway and the Harrison avenue 
street cars pass through it. 

Avondale lies about four miles northeast of the city and 
is reached by the Harrison pike and Belt Railway. 



30 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 

Sherman Heights is the farthest from the city and lies 
near the tunnel, at the northern end of Missionary Ridge. It 
is reached by the Belt Railway. 

East Chattanooga (or Boyce) lies near Sherman Heights. 

East End lies about three miles southeast of the city and 
is reached by the Belt Railway and Rossville road. 

Hill City is across the river, north of the city. 



General Information. 



Passenger Depots. — Union Depots situated on West Ninth 
street, opposite the Read House. The following trains enter 
here : 

Chattanooga Southern. 

Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway. 

Western & Atlantic Railway. 

Chattanooga & Lookout Mountain Railway. 

Chattanooga, Rome & Columbus Railroad. 

Central Depots situated on Market street, corner Union. 
The following trains enter : 

Cincinnati, New Orleans & Texas Pacific Railway (Queen 
& Crescent.) 

Southern Railway, East Tennessee Division. 

Southern Railway, Alabama Division. 

Southern Railway, Georgia Division. 

Memphis & Charleston Railroad. 

Chattanooga & Lookout Mountain Railway. 

Alabama Great Southern Railroad. 

Cincinnati Southern Railway. 



GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 31 

Newby Street Depot, New by street, between Ninth and 
Tenth streets. 

Union Railway, for Ridgedale, East Lake, East End, 
Ratliff, Sherman Heights, East Chattanooga and Boyce. 
Tickets, five cents ; passengers without tickets, ten cents. 

Street Railways, Electric. Fare five cents. Cars for the 
following places leave the foot of Market street: Central 
Depot, National Cemetery, Highland Park, Orchard Knob, 
Missionary Ridge, Ridgedale, East Lake, Lookout Mountain 
Incline, St. Elmo, Forest Hills Cemetery, Alton Park, Moun- 
tain Junction, Churchville. 

Cars for the Bridge, Hill City, Vallombrosa and River- 
view leave corner Ninth and Broad streets. 

Streets are numbered from the river. Market street runs 
north and south. Houses are numbered from the river on 
streets running north and south, and from Market street on 
streets running east and west. Each block starts a new 100. 
Thus No. 203 Market street is between Second and Third 
streets ; No. 304 West Seventh street is in the fourth block 
west of Market street. 

Hack Ordinance. Maximum price to be asked by driver 
of any vehicle for carriage of passengers : To any place in 
city limits twenty-five cents each passenger ; fifty pounds of 
baggage free, trunks twenty-five cents, children between five 
and fourteen years, half price. Charges per hour : First 
hour $1.00, each additional hour or part of hour, seventy-five 
cents. 

Telegraph Offices.— Wester?! Union, West Ninth street, 
near Market street. 

Postal, No. 10 East Ninth, near Market street. 

Postoffice, in Custom House, between Ninth and Tenth 
streets. General delivery and stamp windows open daily 
from 7 a. m. to 11 p. m. ; Sunday, 9 to 10 a. m. ; 6 : 30 to 7 : 30 



32 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 

p. m. Money Order Window, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. daily except 
Sunday. 

Y. M. C. A., 118 East Eighth street, second floor. Free 
reading rooms open 8 a. m. to 10 p. m. 

Banks. — First National, southwest corner Broad and West 
Eighth streets. 

Bank of Chattanooga, southeast corner Broad and West 
Eighth streets. 

Third National, southwest corner Market and Seventh 
streets. 

Chattanooga National, southeast corner Market and Ninth 
streets. 

Citizens Bank & Trust Company, northeast corner Broad 
and Ninth streets. 

Chattanooga Savings Bank, southwest corner Cherry and 
East Eighth streets. 

South Chattanooga Savings Bank, northeast corner Market 
street and Montgomery Avenue. 

Police Headquarters, corner Fourth and Market streets. 

City Hall, corner Georgia Avenue and Market Square. 

The Best Views of the city can be had from Cameron 
Hill or from the "Times'" dome. Free elevators run day and 
night to the top of the Times Building. 

Directing Points. — Lookout Mountain is south of the city ; 
Missionary Ridge east; Cameron Hill west; Tennessee River 
north. Market street runs north and south. 

Admission to all pleasure resorts and natural scenery 
points is free. 



34 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGiV AND BATTLEFIELDS. 



Waldens Ridge. 



WALDENS RIDGE is situated across the Tennessee 
river several miles north of the city and is a part of 
the Cumberland Range. It is almost as high as 
Lookout Mountain, and a favorite resort for invalids, because 
of the celebrated chalybeate, sulphur and freestone springs 
found there. 

Eminent physicians in all parts of the country recognize 
the advantages of the Ridge and are recommending it to their 
patients who are afflicted with throat and lung troubles. 

The plateau is from seven to fourteen miles wide. Fine 
crops of fruits and potatoes are raised. In the sparsely settled 
sections deer, wild turkey and small game are abundant. 
Bears are occasionally found in the deep gulches and ravines. 

The natural scenery is unsurpassed for grandeur. 

North Chickamauga Creek, which flows through Rattle- 
snake Gulch, loses itself under the rocks for hundreds of 
yards, then suddenly reappearing, plunges along in small 
cascades until it reaches another deep pool, when it again dis- 
appears. 

Lake Luella is a body of clear water surrounded on three 
sides by a sheer precipice 200 or 300 feet high. It has no 
visible supply or outlet, yet the water is always fresh and 
clear as crystal. Its depth has never been ascertained. 

Big Falling Water arid Little Falling Water are noted 
points and well worth the time and exertion necessary to 
reach them. 

Coal is found all along the ridge. The mines at Daisy 
and Soddy, fifteen miles from Chattanooga, extend several 
miles back into the mountain. 



GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 35 



Lookout Mountain. 



VrdlE SUBJECT of this brief sketch needs no introduction. 
1 Reference to the illustrations will give a better idea of 
the mountain than will any attempt at description. 
Various features and points of interest cannot, however, be 
made clear by the pictures alone, and the following notes will 
be useful to the visitor. 

The mountain lies about two miles southwest of Chatta- 
nooga. It rises 1,700 feet above the city and 2,300 feet above 
sea level. The top is a table land, varying in width from 100 
feet to two miles ; it tapers to a point at the northern end, 
forming Point Lookout, from which is a magnificent view of the 
city, the valleys, and the river for miles up and down stream. 
The Point is a solid rock which rises like a palisade a hun- 
dred feet or more above the slope of the mountain. The 
Point Hotel is built just below this huge rock, the roof being 
some twenty-five feet below the level of the rock. 

Access to the top of the mountain is had by a cable in- 
cline, a broad gauge railway and a good mountain pike. The 
incline connects with the street railways from the city ; it was 
built in 1887; is 4550 feet long ; the grade averages about 
thirty-three to 100 feet, and it is the only incline in the world 
that has a curve. It changes its course just below the pali- 
sades at the point and terminates at the Point Hotel. 

The incline cost a hundred thousand dollars. A new 
cable has just been put in. It was tested to hold one hundred 
tons but it is never subjected to more than ten tons weight. 
A narrow gauge railway connects with the incline at the 
Point Hotel and runs to Lookout Inn by a circuitous route, 
passing Sunset Rock, Garden of the Gods and Natural Bridge. 
The Broad Gauge runs from the city, climbing the mountain 



36 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 

from a point on the eastern side about four miles south of the 
Point. It winds around the front of the mountain over the 
plateau where the " Battle Above the Clouds" was fought. 
The terminus is at Lookout Inn. 

The view from the Point makes the city, the ridge, the 
river and the valleys appear like a huge relief map. From 
this point seven states of the Union can be seen ; Tennessee, 
Kentucky, Alabama and Georgia lie in close proximity, while 
in the dim distance can be seen peaks in Virginia, North 
Carolina and South Carolina. Moccasin Bend is at the base 
of the mountain and is so-called on account of the peculiar 
course of the river which flows around a point of land form- 
ing the exact shape of a moccasin. Just below the point on 
the sloping plateau stands the Cravens House. On this 
plateau was fought the famous "Battle above the Clouds " 
which in reality was fought in the cloud and not above it. 
West of the point and just south of the hotel is ''Ropers 
Rock," a cliff about 125 feet high, so named on account of 
Wm, Roper having accidently stepped off the rock and lost 
his life. 

The top of the mountain being a table land, the residents 
of Chattanooga have taken advantage of this fact and built 
summer homes where they can escape the heat of the city 
during the summer season. There are quite a number of good 
homes on the mountain whose owners occupy them all the 
year round. 

There is a postoffice on the mountain and several stores, 
also a war relic museum and a photograph gallery. The 
water supply is obtained partly from springs, and the City 
Water Company has utilized a water fall in Lookout Moun- 
tain Cave, which water is pumped into a large stand pipe at 
the top of the mountain which supplies the "Inn" and resi- 
dents surrounding it. 

- The places of interesting natural scenery are quite 
numerous. Umbrella Rock at the point of the mountain is a 



n 




38 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 

large flat rock weighing several tons, and lies on top of several 
smaller rocks, over-lapping like an umbrella. Sunset Rock 
is a high cliff on the west side of the mountain just below a 
station of that name on the Narrow Gauge Railway. The 
Garden of the Gods is near Sunset Rock and is so called from 
the numerous curious rock formations. Signs on the rocks di- 
rect you to JVoah^s Ai'k^ a huge rock resembling a large boat. 
Damon and Pythias are two immense rocks standing in close 
proximity and connected at the top by a rustic bridge. Canopy 
Rock and MohameC s Tonib and Basin Rock can be easily 
found and recognized. Basin Rock is a receptacle for cards 
and yours w^ill add to the interest of it. 

The Eighth Wonder of the World is one of the most pe- 
culiar natural formations in the world. It over-looks a deep 
chasm which is spanned by a huge rock forming a natural 
bridge. Just below the Eighth Wonder is the DemVs Fire- 
place with the flue in plain sight. Snake Rock is a peculiar 
formation which projects over a cliff and resembles a snake's 
head. 

Natural Bridge is about a mile across the mountain near 
the eastern crest. This is a huge rock about fifteen feet high 
and about sixty feet long. Underneath is a spring of moun- 
tain water. Just at the left is a large rock with a small hole 
through it — this is Telephone Rock. A short distance to the 
right of Natural Bridge is the Old Man of the Mountain^ ^ 
rock about twenty-five feet high and resembling the face of 
an aged man. Down the ravine a short distance from Nat- 
ural Bridge is a fine spring of iron water. 

Rock Village and Rock City Q,?^xi\>e^t be visited by car- 
riage ; they are about three miles south of the Inn, and the 
wonderful rock formations will amply repay a visit to them. 
Rock City is a short distance further than Rock Village and is 
an immense mass of conglomerate sandstone cut up by 
crevasses or streets as they are called. The rocks rise on either 
side from fifty to 100 feet and at places almost connect at the 



GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 39 

top. Passing two Sentinels, two large rocks at the entrance, 
Grand Corridor is reached ; from this you pass into Long 
Street which ends in Fat Marl's Miserly, which name explains 
itself. From Rock City a magnificent view of Chattanooga 
valley and Chickamauga battlefield can be had. 

Lulu Lake is about seven miles from the Inn and is 
reached by a fairly good mountain road. The lake is a pool 
of water in a basin shaped rock about 100 feet in diameter. 
Just below the lake is Lulu Falls, where the water plunges 
over a precipice 125 feet high. At the base is a large cave 
which extends entirely around and back of the falls. An- 
other route to the lake is by way of the Chattanooga Southern 
Railway from the city to Flintstone, then walking up the side 
of the mountain to the lake. 

As a health resort Lookout Mountain is becoming more 
popular every year. The altitude and health giving springs 
are the cause of physicians recommending this as a resort for 
people afilicted with throat and lung troubles, and scores of 
people give the mountain credit for the restoration of their 
health. 

To the sightseer or lover of nature a trip to Lookout 
Mountain and its attractions will amply repay the fatigue 
and expense of a trip from any point on our continent, and 
the impressions and inspiration of the views from the moun- 
tain will never leave his mind. 



40 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 

Chickamauga and Chattanooga Na- 
tional Military Park. 

/ I \ HE GROUND which bears the above name is a park only 
i in the sense that it has been restored, as nearly as pos- 
sible, to its condition at the time of the battles. The old 
lines of works and old houses which were land-marks in the 
battles and which were destroyed have been restored and no 
work has been done for merely decorative purposes. 

The Monuments were erected as memorials to the brave 
men who fought and fell on this bloody field, and the whole is 
intended to be a memorial national park. We state this for 
the purpose of disabusing the minds of any who might expect 
to find the landscape decoration and attractions found in 
public parks. Such things are unnecessary in this instance, 
as the bare ground, with its memories of the past, is sufficient 
to make this an intensely interesting place to all who are fa- 
miliar with our history. 

The first move toward establishing this park was made 
by several eminent Federal and Confederate soldiers who 
fought on this field. They quietly worked up a sentiment 
among the survivors in favor of the park, and during the re- 
union of the Army of the Cumberland, held in Chattanooga in 
1889, the matter was presented at a special meeting held at 
Crawfish Springs, which resulted in the organization known 
as the Chickamauga Memorial Association, with Gen. J. T. 
Wilder, of Johnson City, Tenn., President ; Gen. Jos. Wheeler, 
Alabama, Vice-President; Gen. Marcus J. Wright, Washing- 
ton, D. C, Secretary, and Gen. J. S. Fullerton, St. Louis, 
Treasurer, and a board of directors, consisting of fourteen 
Union and fourteen Confederate commanders. The associa- 



42 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 

tioii at once took steps to procure an ai)propriation from 
the U. S. Government to carry out the plans of the organiza- 
tion. Commissioners were appointed to present the matter to 
iiovernors and legislatures of all the states which had troops 
in the battle. An appropriation of $125,000 was readily ob- 
tained from the Government at the next session of Congress, 
the bill passing both honses unanimously. 

This money was used in purchasing the ten square miles 
of land lying between Chickamauga Creek on the east, Craw- 
fish Springs road on the west, McFarland's Gap on the north 
and Lee and Gordon's mill on the south. This tract embraces 
most of the heavy fighting ground of the campaign ; in build- 
ing the thirty-six miles of macadamized roads through the 
park and along Missionary Ridge. The latter, the central 
driveway, is twenty miles long, extending from Sherman 
Heights to Glass mill and forming one of the most pleasant 
and picturesque driveways in the world. 

As a result of the visits of the commission to the several 
legislatures, each state sent a delegation to the ground for the 
purpose of locating the position of troops and fighting lines. 
These delegations, in co-operation with the National com- 
mission and by careful study, determined the positions of 
both sides with sufficient accuracy to justify the erection of 
historical tablets setting forth the composition, commanders 
and movements of the different organizations. Large histori- 
cal tablets three feet by four wnth the lettering cast in the 
plate are erected along the main boulevards, giving a con- 
densed yet comprehensive statement of the movements of 
troops at these points. Besides these, there are smaller guide 
tablets at every cross roads, giving distances and directions 
to the prominent points of the field. The fighting positions 
of all batteries are marked by guns of the same kind used in 
the battle, mounted upon cast iron carriages painted so as to 
be an exact representation of the original. Eight pyramids 
of eight-inch shells mark the spots where four Union and 



GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 43 

four Confederate general officers fell. The lines of works 
and of each day's battles have been marked and restored^ and 
the spots of each regiment where it made its most notable 
record have been marked by granite. 

The eleven Northern and eleven Southern States which 
had organizations in the battles have all made liberal appro- 
priations for the erection of handsome monuments. Ohio, 
which had 56 organizations in the battle of Chickamauga and 
71 at Lookout Mountain and Chattanooga, heads the list with 
$90,000 for monuments on the Chickamauga field and $5,000 
for the expenses of her commissioners. Minnesota appropri- 
ated $15,000 for five monuments for her three organizations. 
Massachussets erected a fine monument to her two. New York 
followed with an appropriation of $81,000, and all the other 
States erected handsome and fitting memorials. The Govern- 
ment has erected five steel towers 70 feet high at prominent 
points in the park and along the ridge. One is at Sherman 
Heights, the northern end of the park, the next at Bragg's 
headquarters on Missionary Ridge, one near Hall's Ford, 
where Bragg's Army first formed for battle, one near Jay's 
Mill where the battle actually began, and the other is on 
Snodgrass Hill. They are all in sight of each other and the 
series of observations when combined will command the whole 
field at a glance. The Wilder brigade is erecting a stone 
tower 110 feet high near the Widow Glenn's house, from 
which a fine view of the park can be had. 

The Government has purchased the tract containing the 
field works of Gen. Sherman's Army at the north end of Mis- 
sionary Ridge and which are in an excellent state of preser- 
vation. As soon as the appropriation necessary is secured 
this part of the original plan of the park will be completed. 
The park when completed will cost more than a million dol- 
lars and will be the most comprehensive and extended 
military object lesson in the world. Two models in 
relief, one of the fields about Chattanooga, including Lookout 



44 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLETIELDS. 

Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Orchard Knob, Wauhatchie, and 
Brown's Ferry, and another of the Chickamauga Field have 
been prepared by the Government Engineer, Mr. Betts, and 
will be on exhibition during the dedication. 



A Brief Sketch of the Chickamauga 
Battles, September 19 and 

20, 1863. 



FTER GENERAL ROSECRANS had gained possession 
of Chattanooga and Bragg, commanding the Confed- 
erates,';had fallen back to Chickamauga, the latter 
laid his plans for a general engagement and attack on the 
Federal forces which had pursued him to Chickamauga. His 
main object was to recapture Chattanooga, throwing his army 
between Gen, Rosecrans and Chattanooga, but on account of 
the failure of some of his generals to execute his commands 
and other obstacles, he was unable to accomplish his design. 

His purpose to flank the Federals was discovered early 
in the morning of the nineteenth of September, and then com- 
menced the battle of Chickamauga, one of the bloodiest of 
the war. Both sides fought bravely all day, neither gaining 
advantage. 

Before daylight of the twentieth, each division and 
brigade of Rosecrans' command was in the position that had 
been assigned it during the night. A dense fog hung over 
the field until 9 o'clock, when it lifted and a furious onslaught 
was made by the Confederates, and from noon until night the 
five divisions of Thomas' line resisted and held in check the 
entire Confederate force. 



GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 45 

The battle of Chickamauga was one of the most remark- 
able of the whole war, inasmuch as neither army was vic- 
torious and each withdrew from the field. 

The losses sustained were appalling. Each commander 
claimed he fought superior numbers, but from official 
report we learn that Gen. Rosecrans had in action thirty 
brigades of infantry, five of cavalry, one of mounted in- 
fantry and thirty-three batteries, aggregating 56,160 officers 
and men. His casualities were, 1,656 killed, 9,749 wounded, 
and 4,774 missing, a total of 16,179. Gen. Bragg had thirty- 
five brigades of infantry, ten of cavalry and about thirty 
batteries ; probably all told, 65,000 men. He lost 2,389 killed, 
13,412 wounded, 2,000 missing, a total of 17,S01. A combined 
total of 33,980 for both armies. 

Failing to defeat his enemy in battle, Gen. Bragg now 
proceeded to so post his forces on Missionary Ridge and 
Lookout Mountain as to besiege the enemy and starve them 
by cutting off communication with Nashville, their seat of 
supplies, both by river and rail. 



Battles of Orchard Knob, Lookout 
Mountain and Missionary 
Ridge. 



)t\ HE FEDERAL troops lying besieged in Chattanooga, 

1 cut off from supplies and reduced to quarter rations, 

were almost at the point of starving and surrendering 

when Gen. Grant arrived, October 23, ]863, and took inimedi- 



46 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 

ate steps toward raising the siege. By November 18, his plan 
was to have Sherman, who was north of the river across from 
Missionary Kidge with his troops, effect a crossing near 
Chickamauga creek and attack the Confederates near the 
tunnel at the north end of the ridge, then with the aid of 
Thomas, make an attack all along up the valley, which if 
successful would reopen communication with Nashville, the 
seat of supplies, at the same time driving the enemy from 
Missionary Ridge. These plans were delayed by Sherman 
not being able to effect the crossing desired. On the twenty- 
third of November, Sherman having crossed the river attacked 
the enemy at the tunnel, but was repulsed and forced to 
retreat to the west side of Chickamauga creek. At the same 
time Gen. Wood's division (Federal) made a rapid advance 
on Orchard Knob, gaining that point after a sharp engagement. 
Orchard Knob was the strongest point of the Confederate 
line in the valley in front of Missionary Ridge, and when it 
was captured they withdrew from the valley to the foot and 
crest of the ridge. 

On the next day, November 24, Gen. Hooker was ordered 
to attack Lookout Mountain. His aggregate force for the 
attack was 9,681. He crossed the river at Brown's Ferry, 
marched up the west side of the mountain and arotind to the 
front to the plateau where the Cravens' House stands, where 
he met Walthall and fought the famous "Battle Above the 
Clouds," which lasted until two or three o'clock in the after- 
noon, when the fighting ceased, the Confederates withdraw- 
ing from the mountain during the night of November 25, to 
Missionary Ridge. During the action the Union batteries on 
Moccasin Point were in active play on the mountain, while 
the Confederates on top of the mountain shelled the Union 
forces after they reached the Cravens House, with two Na- 
poleon guns placed at the extreme point of the mountain. 
They were also busy as sharp-shooters and in rolling rocks 
down the sides of the mountain. 



GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 47 

After the battles of Orchard Knob and Lookout Moun- 
tain the Confederate forces were concentrated along the crest 
and in trenches at the base of Missionary Ridge. 

The next day, the twenty-fifth of November, the terrible 
battle of Missionary Ridge was fought. Gen. Sherman hav- 
ing crossed to the east side of Chickamauga creek, com- 
manded the left of the Federal forces. Gen. Thomas the 
center, lying along in front of Orchard Knob, and Gen. 
Hooker the right, which reached to Rossville. Gen. Bragg 
occupied the ridge from the tunnel to Rossville, making a 
line of battle over eight miles long. 

Gen. Grant directed the Union forces from Orchard 
Knob. At a signal of six successive cannon shots from 
Orchard Knob at 3 :15 p. m., the whole line rushed at double 
quick for the enemy's seemingly impregnable position. The 
orders were to capture the entrenchments at the base of the 
ridge and stop ; but enthused with success, instead of obey- 
ing orders to stop at the base, the whole line dashed up the 
rugged side of the ridge under the most deadly fire, captur- 
ing the ridge simultaneously at six different places, hurling 
the Confederates in a precipitous retreat down the east side 
of the ridge, turning their own guns upon them in their 
flight. 

This ended the battles about Chattanooga. Many of the 
best informed Confederate soldiers felt that their cause was 
doomed at Missionary Ridge on the twenty-fifth day of 
November, 1863, but with a valor worthy of American sol- 
diers they prolonged the struggle for many weary months. 



48 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 



Synopsis of Military Movements 
About Chattanooga. 



IN AUGUST, 1863, Gen. Bragg's forces were in possession 
of Chattanooga. The Federals, under Rosecrans, lay west 

of the Cumberland Mountains at Winchester. The latter 
bj' a feint created the belief that he was going to attack the 
former from Walden's Ridge ; but the main army crossed the 
river at Bridgeport, thirty-five miles west of the city, his 
intention being to compel Bragg to evacuate the city; which 
he did September 7, retreating down the Chattanooga valley 
toward Lafayette. The Union army followed and the battles 
of Chickmauga were fought September 19 and 20. 

After these battles the Union army returned to Chatta- 
nooga and the Confederates occupied Lookout Mountain, 
Orchard Knob and a line across the valley. 

On November 23, Gen. Thomas drove the Confederates 
off Orchard Knob. On the next day Gen. Hooker attacked 
the Confederates on Lookout Mountain, by crossing the river 
at Brown's Ferry and marching up the west side of the 
mountain to the front, where the famous Battle Above the 
Clouds was fought. This resulted in the Confederates leav- 
ing the mountain and concentrating their forces at the foot 
and along the top of Missionary Ridge, where they were 
assaulted and defeated on the twenty-first of November, 1863. 

In this brief space of three months and nine days, from 
August 16, when the Federals began the Chickamauga cam- 
paign, to November 25, when it ended on Missionary Ridge, 
about 34,000 men lost their lives, thousands were wounded 



R-i 



<^l 



> — 






J 



Ty/''"////^i'///( •■>//, 



str?^ 






tV 
























"'^'•#^|V#n^JW 



#^^>^.v 



rt/'^i' 



^\v:^- 



^.:^ 






^. 



■ = .xv^s. 



% 



===g 



^^ §?J 



-'^S^ii 



,![3^ 



>'-1>'J 






i ?>; 



■ i -sT^V^b ^^''^U*^^,ti?*J 



:i;i;5*! 






f.oJ», 






w 



fpfc^^.SP 



'I 






■•^■, 



'.^ 






^' F ^^ 1^^ ^ Jt 

l^ \ Iff <T f ^ 



^ 



*<5i ■ 






:f 



^'-y 



G 



^^ 



SOD 



v 



^ 






GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 



49 



and countless friends, relatives and dear ones were made 
mourners. 

In the campaign the Federal side had two corps from the 
army of the Potomac. The army of the Tennessee, and the 
army of the Cumberland were engaged. On the other side 
the Confederate army of Gen. Bragg, with reinforcements 
from East Tennessee and Mississippi, and Longstreet's corps 
from the army of Northern Virginia. 

The organizations from the several States engaged in 
these battles were as follows : 

CHICKAMAUGA. 



KOSECRANS. 








BRAGG. 


States 


•4 


n 

to 

< 


> 
<< 


States. 


a 
•3 




> 

a 

-1 


c 
p 


Indiana 


26 
28 

] 
13 

4 

1 
42 

3 

4 
5 
2 

129 


3 

4 
2 

3 
2 
2 
1 

1 

18 


8 
5 

2 

1 

10 

1 

4 
3 

1 

35 


37 
33 

1 
17 
8 
2 
55 
6 
2 

y 

9 
3 

182 


Alabama 

Arkansas 


23 

12 
1 
5 

12 
5 
4 

17 

4 

7 

36 

10 

2 

138 


5 

1 
4 

5 
2 
1 

1 

12 

2 

33 


8 
3 

1 
7 
2 
3 
4 
2 

1 
8 
1 
1 
41 


36 


Illinois 


16 


Kansas 

Kentucky 


Con. Regulars... 

Florida 

Georgia 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 


5 
6 


Michigan 


24 


Minnesota 


9 


Ohio 


8 


Pennsylvania 


Missisippi 


21 


Tennessee 

Vn. States 


Missouri 

N. Carolina 


2 

5 


\Visconsin 

Missouri 


S. Carolina 

Tennessee . . 


8 
56 




Texas 

V^irffinia 


13 
3 


Total 


Total 


?•>•>, 









In addition to the al)ove full organizations, Indiana and 
Illinois had each three regiments of mounted Infantry, and 
Ohio had one company of sharpshooters. Besides the above 
full organizations, Alabama had seven battalions of infantry, 
Georgia four, Louisiana one, Nississippi three. South Carolina 
two, and Tennessee five, and West Virginia had four full 
companies in one of the Viriiinia infantry regiments included 



60 



GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 



above, and numerous representatives in the other companies 
of each of the regiments from Virginia. Alabama had two 
companies of cavalry, Georgia one, Louisiana two, Mississippi 
one and Tennessee two. 



CHATTANOOGA. 



GRANT. 


BRAGG. 


States. 


a 

Ml 

s 


< 


> 


o 

E 


States 


p 
M 


o 
< 


> 

CD 


o 


Illinois 


45 
31 

10 

1 

11 

1 

4 

2 

14 

1 

14 

61 

10 

7 

1 

220 


1 

1 

3 

5 


10 
3 
1 

1 
1 
3 

2 
5 
2 
1 
3 
4 

36 


5.5 
34 
11 

1 
12 

1 

6 

3 
17 

1 
16 
69 
12 

1 
10 
11 

1 
261 


'Alabama 


31 

7 
5 
36 
5 
4 

15 

36 
6 
2 

1 

168 


5 
1 

5 
3 

1 

1 

11 

2 

4 
33 


8 
3 
1 
9 
1 
2 
1 
2 
4 

2 

7 
1 
5 

46 


44 


Indiana 

Iowa 


lArkansas 

Florida 


11 
6 


Kansas 


Georgia 


50 


Kentucky 


Kentucky 


9 


Massachussetts .... 


[liOuisiana 


7 


Michigan 

Minnesota . 


Maryland 

Missouri 

JMississippi 

North Carolina . 
South Carolina . 

Tennessee 

Texas 


1 

2 


Missouri 

New Jersey 


19 
3 


New York 

Oliio 

Pennsylvania 


15 

54 

9 


Tennessee 

Wisconsin 

U. S. Regulars 

West Virginia 

Total 


Virginia 

Con. Regulars 

Total 


7 
5 

242 



In addition to the above, Illinois and Indiana had each 
one regiment of mounted infantry and Ohio had one battalion 
of sharpshooters. 

The above represents Gen. Bragg's army before the de- 
tachment of forces to East Tennessee. , Besides the complete 
organizations named, Alabama had five battalions of infantry, 
Georgia six, Kentucky one, Louisiana two, Mississippi two, 
South Carolina two, and Tennessee three, Kentucky had three 
battalions of cavalry, Tennessee two and Virginia one. 



GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 51 



Routes to 



Lookout Mountain. — There are three routes : One by way 
of street cars and incline ; one by way of Broad Gauge Rail- 
way, which trains leave Union depot, opposite Read House 
and Central Depot ; third, by carriage, driving south on Market 
street to Montgomery avenue, west to ^Vhiteside street, south 
on AVhiteside street through St. Elmo to the mountain pike. 

Missionary Ridge. — Take Mission Ridge cars on Market 
street. In driving, go either by way of McOallie or Mont- 
gomery avenues, both of which are direct routes to the top of 
the ridge. 

Waiden's Ridge. Hill City cars to Vallombrosa and hack 
line from there ; or, by way of hacks from the city which 
start at the Rossmore Hotel, corner Ninth and Market streets. 

National Cemetery. — Take Mission Ridge or East Lake 
cars. 

Confederate Cemetery. — Mission Ridge cars to Baldwin 
street. 

Cliicl<amauga. — By Chattanooga, Rome & Columbus Rail- 
way, which trains leave Union depot, opposite Read House ; 
or, by carriage route over Rossville pike ; or, along Crest 
road on top of Mission Ridge. 

Rock Village. — By carriage only. From city, take car- 
riage route to Lookout Mountain, drive south on the boule- 
vard which ends at the Georgia line. Rock Village lies a 
short distance south and southeast of this line. 

Rock City is about a mile beyond Rock Village and is 
reached bv same route. 



52 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 

Garden of the Gods. — The Broad Gauge and Narrow Gauge 
Railways pass tliis point, which lies about a half mile south- 
west of the Inn. 

Sunset Rock. — The Narrow Gauge has a station at Sunset 
Rock. 

Vallombrosa. — Take Hill City cars, leaving corner Ninth 
and Broad streets. 

Riverview. — Take Riverview cars, leaving Ninth and 
Broad streets. 

Cameron Hill. — West on Sixth street to top of hill. 



Short Trips for Hurried People. 

Lookout Mountain. — By way of street railway, Incline and 
Narrow Guage railway. A trip to the top of the mountain 
and Lookout Inn can be made in two hours. 

Missionary Ridge. — Byway of street cars; can be seen in 
1^ hours. By walking down the ridge from the end of the 
car line you can return by way of East Lake street cars. 

Vallombrosa. — At the top of Stringer's Ridge. 

Riverview. — Three miles up the river ; each require one 
hour for round trip by street cars. Both these routes pass 
over the Tennessee river bridge. 

Chickamauga. — By way of Crest Road or Rossville road, 
the trip can be made in six or eight hours with vehicles. 
(See maps for roads.) 

Nickojack Cave. — AtShellmound is about forty-five miles 
by river and returning by rail can be made in a day, and costs 
about $1 fare. 



GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 53 

Program Epworth League Confer- 
ence. 



The Second International Conference of the Epworth 
League which meets in Chattanooga June 27, 28, 29 and 30, 
1895, will consist of delegates from all the Methodist young 
peoples societies of the United States and Canada. The pro- 
gram is as follows : 

General topic of the conference is "Methodism of the 
Future." 

First Bay — Thursday, Addresses of Welcome by Mayor 
Ochs and Dr. J, P. McFerrin. Responses by Bishops E. R. 
Hendrix, J. H. Vincent and Premier Bowell of Canada. Love 
Feast and Sacrament in evening. 

Second Day — Friday, Topic, "Methodism : Its Life and 
Modes of Expression," Sunrise Prayermeeting on Lookout 
Mountain at 5 a. m., conducted by Rev. Geo. R. Stuart. 
Speaking in tabernacle tent balance of day. 

Third Bay — Saturday, 5 a. m., Sunrise Prayermeeting on 
mountain. Speaking in tent on "Methodism : Its Doctrine 
and Spirit." 

Sacred Concert of 1000 voices at night, conducted by Prof. 
Rowland D. Williams. 

Fourth Day — Sunday, Topic, "Waiting for the Descent of 
the Holy Spirit." Sunrise Prayermeeting at 5 a. m. on Look- 
out Mountain. Sermons at all churches and in tent. Sunday 
evening, Watch night service and song service. 



54 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 



Dedication Week. 



VKhE programme for the dedication has not yet been 
i completed, but the exercises will begin on Monday, 
September 16, and continue all week. This will be the 
thirdy-second anniversary of the battle of Chickamauga, and 
the ceremonies of the week will bring to Chattanooga more 
distinguished persons than have gathered there at any one 
time since the war, including President Cleveland and his 
cabinet, the governors and staffs of all the states w^hich had 
troops in the battle, and the survivors of Bragg's, Rosecrans' 
and Grant's armies. 

On Monday and Tuesday Ohio will dedicate the fifty-five 
monuments erected by her. 

The "Army of the Cumberland" will hold a big meeting 
in a large tent Wednesday, the 18th. 

The dedication of the Chickamauga part of the park 
will occur on Thursday, 19th. 

The "Army of the Tennessee" will hold a big meeting in 
the tent at night. 

On Friday, the 20th, the Missionary Ridge, Lookout 
Mountain and Chattanooga part of the park will be dedicated. 

Prominent speakers will be heard on all occasions and in 
case of rain the meetings will be held in a mammoth tent 
erected in rear of U. S. Grant University on McCallie avenue. 



o 


n 




^^ 


^ 




i—*r 


o 




—r 


» n^ 




O) 


o 


H 


o 


-1 


>— 1 


o 


3 


00 








—> 


fii 


o 






C 


3 


D 


^^ 


SB 


o 






o 


00 




3 


a- 




rD 






X 


cr 




:ir 


^ 




^^ • 






a- 


TJ 






fti 



n 


Hj 


n- 




p^ 


O 


f— t- 




1 1 




p^ 


,_(- 






■—I 


,-j 


o 


rt 


o 




C/Q 


TU 


^ 


-^ 




o 




T3 




-^ 


H 


rt>" 


13* 




0/^ 


O 


MX • 




OO 


O 


O 




3 


^^ 


rt> 


^^ 


O 


ro 


►-1-1 




,_^ 


•- 


D- 


no 


rtj 


p^ 




) 1 


c/Q 


1— t- 




rt> 


p>i 




^^- 


c; 


CD 


-^-> 


0^ 




(— K 


o 


O 


a> 


^ 


^^ 


o 


^ 


n 


00 


"n 


cr 


p^ 


c 


3 


7q 


00 


^ 





We make a specialty 
of putting up 



Trayelers 



Lnuclies. 



Ninth and Broad Sts., under Read House. 



Cafe, Restaurant and 
Lunch Room for La- 
dies and Gentlemen. 



CHATTANOOGA, TENN. 



Read House, 

. . . Chattanooga, Tennessee. 



OPPOSITE 
UI\IOW DEPOT 



Rates, $2 to $4 per Day, According to Location of Room. 



Electric Car.H pass the door for Looliout Mountain, St. Elmo, Mission Ridge, Vallom- 
brosa. Fort Wilder and all suburbs. 

SAM'L R. READ, Hanager. 



The "ROSSMORE." 

(Formerly Kennedy House.) 

The Business Center of Cliatta- 
nooga, Tenn. 

Electric Cars to and from the Depots 
and all Points of Interest pass this Hotel. 

Pine Front Rooms; wide Halls; prac- 
tically lire proof. 

Polite, prompt attention. 

Lookout Mountain in full view from 
Hotel Veranda. 

Rates— $2 and $2.50 per Day. according 
to location of roinns. 

ABNER L. ROSS, Prop'r. 

Clkrks— Horace Kayless, Clias. Elliot. 



Merchants Hotel, 

Cor. Eiglith and Chestnut Sts. 

Pleasant Location in Cliattanooga, 
Tenn. 

One block from Union Depot. 

One block from Electric Cars. 

Forty Front Rooms. 

Electric Lights and Bells in every 
room. Polite attention. Information 
about battlefields and points of historic 
interest freely furnished. 

Rates— $1 50 to $2.00 per Day. Special 
by the week. 

ABNER L. ROSS, Prop'r. 

Clerks— W. T. Eaton, Geo. N. Ingle. 



THE TITLE GUARANTY AND TRUST CO., 

619 Walnut Street, Opposite Court House, 

TITERS GURANTEED, ABSTRACTS PREPARED, 

TRUSTS EXECUTED, CONVEYANCING, 

TAX SEARCHES. 

H. C. Beck, Pres't. J. K. Hodges, Sec'y. 

W. S. BECK, Abstractor. 



A. M. JOHNSON, Prest. J. W. JOHNSON. Vice-Prest. J. L. DAVIES. Treasurer. 

Chattanooga HaFduiaFe Go., 

SUCCESSORS TO 

Carter=iVlagin Hardware Co., 

HARDWARE, 

Cor. 7th and Market Sts. and 14 E. 7th St., 

Chattanooga, Tenn. 

D.P.HENDERSON & CO., ri"S^ 

724 MARKET STREET, 

Oliattanooga, Teaanessee. 

THOS. ROWELL. J. F SWITZ. 

Wall Paper, Interior Deeorations and JVIouldings. 

n5S!8?hstf" ; . . . Chattanooga, Tenn. 

1872. J. J. MACK, 1895. 

SANITARY PLUMBING, 

GAS FIXTURES, GARDEN HOSE. WATER FILTERS, 

IDEAL METAL POLISH. , .., „ 

'Phone 562. 114 W. 8th Street 

STENOGRAPHERS. 

HITnT ATTflTTT TM 432 Richardson Bl'k. 



All Kinds of Stenographic Work. 



Do You Like It ? 

WIVES, 

SISTERS, 

MOTHERS, 

Do you like the Hat, Suit, Pants 
or Shirt your Husband, Brother, 
or Son wears? 

If Not, Send Him to 

Glenn Sa Shaw, 

825 Market Street. 

Hats and Gents' Furnishings a Specialty. 

'PHONE 550. ^ » \A/ILOmf 'PHONE 550. 

Plambing, Steam and Gas Fitting, 

Low Pressure Steam and Hot Water Heating. 



Dealer in Pumps, Hose and PJumbing Supplies, 
Plans and Estimates made promptly. 

NO 2ioT^treet ! CHattaHooga, Tenn. 



SEE OUR VIEWS 



MiiiA^K^Tsr '4 ciiictaiiiaiip Battle Fiells 

Chattanoo?a. ism ' 




Photographer, 






815 Market St., Chattanooga, Tenn. 



F. J. WARRENFELS. 



DENTIST, 

No. 813 Market Street, 



CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE. 



S. p. WILLIAMS, Pies. 



THEO. V. MEYER, Yice-Pres. and Gen. Mgr. 




The Tennessee River Transportation Company. 

The only line of Steamers running regularly between Chattanooga, Bridge- 
port, Guntersville, Decatur, Rockwood, Kingston and all river landings. 

Our boats are all well equipped tor the comfort of passengers. Special rates 
made for large shipments of freight and towing. 

Particular attention given to Excursion Parties to Shellmound, Nickojack 
Cave, on Tennessee river. 

For rates and further information, apply to office of company, corner Water 
and Broad Sts., Chattanooga, Tenn. 




No 717 WALNUT STREET, CHATTANOOGA. 



NATIONAL MILITARY PARK. 

The National Militai-y Park, Chickamauga-Chattanooga. An Histor- 
ical Guide. With 24 full page view.s, 8 maps, etc. By Gen. Henry V. 
BOYNTON. 12 mo.; pp. :i27; Cloth, $1..50. 

Don't leave the city until you have purchased a copy. 

823 Market St. 



T. H. FJV^YKTE & OO 



H. J. ERWIN. 



H. S. MAXW^:LL. 



FINEST IN THE CITY. 



THE flGIVIE BflRBER SHOP, 



816 Market Street, / 

Between Eighth and Ninth. S 



Chattanooga, Tennessee. 

THE FINEST BATHS IN THE CITY. 



•9 

DEALERS IN 

China, Glassware, Tinware, Novelties, Toys, Confections, 
Fruits, Candies, Cigars, Tobaccos, Etc. 



BA.K.OA.IKrS iTsr E"^rEK.Ya?H:iKro. 



244, 246 and 248 East Montgomery Ave., CHATTANOOGA, TENN. 

GROCERY, 3 Montgomery Ave. 

JOSEPH WASSMER, 

PRACTICAL UPHOLSTERER, 

108 East Eighth St., Next to News Office, 

Manufacturer of all kinds of Upholstered Furniture, such as Parlor Suits, Odd 
Chairs, Couches, Lounges, Spring Mattresses, etc. 

Recovering of Parlor Furniture a Specialty. 

Mail orders will receive prompt attention. 




Point Hotel, 



Lookout IWountain, Tenn. 



The view from the Point 
Hotel is matchless and un- 
excelled. The air is singu- 
larly exhilarating- and inspir- 
ing, and being 1,700 feet 
above the city of Chatta- 
nooga, presents to the view 
scenery unsurpassed in the 
Alps or Andes. 



For terms, address 

Gilbert H. Sneed, 

Chattanooga, Tenn. 



J. Kki.I) Fkkukk. 



Herman Ferger. 



J. Fred Ferger & Bro., 

Insaranee, Rental and Real Estate Agents. 

We make a Specialty of the Rental and Sale of 

First-Class Improved Residence 

and Business Property. 

We Represent $35,000,000.00 Insurance Capital. 



Reference: Fii-i-t National Bank and 
Bai k of Chatiaioojra. 



office: 
102 KAST EIGHTH STREET. 



STAR STEAM LAUNDRY. 



813 Chestnut St.. 
CHATTANOOGA. 



F. G. COTTON, Propr. TELEPHONE 113. 



War relics 



FROM- 



CHICKAMAU&A, 

MISSION RIDGE aiifl : BATTLEFIELDS. 

LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN 

One of the finest collections in the city, containing some of the 
rarest relics of the war. 

Cedar Canteens, C. S. A. and U. S. Buckles, Swords, Guns, 
Pistols, etc. 

Get a Souvenir Minnie Ball with views of Lookout Mountain and 
Chickamauga Park in it. 
Call on or address 

WAR RELICS, 
102 East Eighth St., Chattanooga, Tenn. 

If You Want to Locate 

in Chattanooga either for Residence, Mer- 
cantile or Manufacturing purposes, write 

^^ J. FRED FERQER & BRO., 

Insurance, Rental and Real Estate Agents, 

Chattanooga, Tenn. 



PARK HOTEL, 

Chickamauga, Qa. 

Model of Architectural Beauty. Elegantly Furnished, Has 
Steam Heat, Incandescent Light, Electric Bells, Hot and 
Cold Baths, Lawn Tennis. 

AN ELEGANT TALLY HO COACH 

Is Run in Connection with Hotel. 





Magnitlcent Drives, Historic Grounds, 

Adjoins National Park. 

Beautiful Lake, Baths and Boating. 



TRAINS TO CHATTANOOGA h^h 

FARE, 25 CENTS.- 



EVERY TWO HOURS 



Rates, $2.00 and Up per Day. Special by Week or Month. 

„___ Address WM. P. KYLE. Manager. 




014 611 277 8 

DLD UU., 



826-828 BROAD STREET, 

Chattaoooga., Tenn. 



LIVERY, BOilHOING and SALE STflBltES. 

Experienced drivers acquainted with points of in- 
terest. 

Particular attention to visitors and outing parties. 

We take care of excursions and large parties. Wire 
us at our expense. 

See our large map at Broad Street office. 

S. W. OHLS, Manager. 

Branch on Lookout Mountain. ELLIS REES, Manager. 

C. C. WELLS & C0~ 



DEALERS IN- 



Staple and Fancy Groeeries, 



Country Produce, Hay, Feed, Etc. 



'Phone 584. 



220 Montgomery Ave. 



It Is A Fact ! 




The True 
Battle-Field Route. 



NASHVILLE, 

CHATTANOOGA 

& 

SLLOUIS 

RAILWAY 



WESTERN 
& 

ATLANTIC 
RAILROAD 



l'as<(^s Ihroii^rii more ot the Bartle-Fiolds of the Cival War than any 
• •thci- line. Short Line to Chattanooga trooi St. Louis, Chicago, and 
all points North aiul West, also from Atlanta and the Southeast. 



for the International 

Conference of the 



THE OFFICIAL ROUTE TO. 

Chattanooga 
,„a Epworth League, 

JUNE 27-30. 1895. 

DEDICATION OF THE 

Chickamauga National Park, 

SEPTEMBER. 1895. 

Pullman Palace Sleepers on all through trains. Model Day 
Coaches, with Lavatory and Smoking Kooms on all trains, both day 
and night. 
SPEED. W. L. DANLEY, 

COWFORT. Gen'l Pass, and Ticket Agent, 

SAFETY. NASHVILLE, TENN. 




The 



LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 



014 611 277 8 



Southern 

Railway 



Offers to the Traveller 

Quick Time, 
Elegant Equipment, 
Unexcelled Service. 

CONVENIENT SCHEDULES 

Between 

CHATTANOOGA, DALTON, ROADIE, 
ATLANTA, 

All Points in ALABAMA, GEORGIA and the 
SOUTHEAST. 

Shortest Line to Florida. 



Most Beautiful and Picturesque Line 

To , 

WASHINGTON, BALTIMORE, PHILADELPHIA, NEW YORK, 
BOSTON and the East. 

Only Line to Asheville and " The Land of the Sky." 

From any of the above named points to Chattanooga, the scheo 
and service of the Southern Kailway are unexcelled. 

J. M. Sutton, C. E. Jackson, 

Trav. Pass. Agt., City Pass, and Ticket Agt., 

Ill West Ninth St., Chattanooga, Tenn. 

W. A. Turk, Gen. Pass. Agt., C, A. Benscoter, Asst. Gen. Pass. Agt, 
Washington, D. C. Knoxville, Teun, 



